Исправление ошибок размещения элементов Flutter

Исходный текст закреплённой версии.

---
name: flutter-fix-layout-issues
description: Fixes Flutter layout errors (overflows, unbounded constraints) using Dart and Flutter MCP tools. Use when addressing "RenderFlex overflowed", "Vertical viewport was given unbounded height", or similar layout issues.
metadata:
  model: models/gemini-3.1-pro-preview
  last_modified: Tue, 21 Apr 2026 19:45:59 GMT
---
# Resolving Flutter Layout Errors

## Contents
- [Constraint Violation Diagnostics](#constraint-violation-diagnostics)
- [Layout Error Resolution Workflow](#layout-error-resolution-workflow)
- [Examples](#examples)

## Constraint Violation Diagnostics

Flutter layout operates on a strict rule: **Constraints go down. Sizes go up. Parent sets position.** Layout errors occur when this negotiation fails, typically due to unbounded constraints or unconstrained children. 

Diagnose layout failures using the following error signatures:

*   **"Vertical viewport was given unbounded height"**: Triggered when a scrollable widget (`ListView`, `GridView`) is placed inside an unconstrained vertical parent (`Column`). The parent provides infinite height, and the child attempts to expand infinitely.
*   **"An InputDecorator...cannot have an unbounded width"**: Triggered when a `TextField` or `TextFormField` is placed inside an unconstrained horizontal parent (`Row`). The text field attempts to determine its width based on infinite available space.
*   **"RenderFlex overflowed"**: Triggered when a child of a `Row` or `Column` requests a size larger than the parent's allocated constraints. Visually indicated by yellow and black warning stripes.
*   **"Incorrect use of ParentData widget"**: Triggered when a `ParentDataWidget` is not a direct descendant of its required ancestor. (e.g., `Expanded` outside a `Flex`, `Positioned` outside a `Stack`).
*   **"RenderBox was not laid out"**: A cascading side-effect error. Ignore this and look further up the stack trace for the primary constraint violation (usually an unbounded height/width error).

## Layout Error Resolution Workflow

Copy and use this checklist to systematically resolve layout constraint violations.

### Task Progress
- [ ] Run the application in debug mode to capture the exact layout exception in the console.
- [ ] Identify the primary error message (ignore cascading "RenderBox was not laid out" errors).
- [ ] Apply the conditional fix based on the specific error type:
  - **If "Vertical viewport was given unbounded height"**: Wrap the scrollable child (`ListView`, `GridView`) in an `Expanded` widget to consume remaining space, or wrap it in a `SizedBox` to provide an absolute height constraint.
  - **If "An InputDecorator...cannot have an unbounded width"**: Wrap the `TextField` or `TextFormField` in an `Expanded` or `Flexible` widget.
  - **If "RenderFlex overflowed"**: Constrain the overflowing child by wrapping it in an `Expanded` widget (to force it to fit) or a `Flexible` widget (to allow it to be smaller than the allocated space).
  - **If "Incorrect use of ParentData widget"**: Move the `ParentDataWidget` to be a direct child of its required parent. Ensure `Expanded`/`Flexible` are direct children of `Row`/`Column`/`Flex`. Ensure `Positioned` is a direct child of `Stack`.
- [ ] Execute Flutter hot reload.
- [ ] Run validator -> review errors -> fix: Inspect the UI to verify the red/grey error screen or yellow/black overflow stripes are resolved. If new layout errors appear, repeat the workflow.

## Examples

### Fixing Unbounded Height (ListView in Column)

**Input (Error State):**
```dart
// Throws "Vertical viewport was given unbounded height"
Column(
  children: <Widget>[
    const Text('Header'),
    ListView(
      children: const <Widget>[
        ListTile(title: Text('Item 1')),
        ListTile(title: Text('Item 2')),
      ],
    ),
  ],
)
```

**Output (Resolved State):**
```dart
// Wrap ListView in Expanded to constrain its height to the remaining Column space
Column(
  children: <Widget>[
    const Text('Header'),
    Expanded(
      child: ListView(
        children: const <Widget>[
          ListTile(title: Text('Item 1')),
          ListTile(title: Text('Item 2')),
        ],
      ),
    ),
  ],
)
```

### Fixing Unbounded Width (TextField in Row)

**Input (Error State):**
```dart
// Throws "An InputDecorator...cannot have an unbounded width"
Row(
  children: [
    const Icon(Icons.search),
    TextField(), 
  ],
)
```

**Output (Resolved State):**
```dart
// Wrap TextField in Expanded to constrain its width to the remaining Row space
Row(
  children: [
    const Icon(Icons.search),
    Expanded(
      child: TextField(),
    ),
  ],
)
```

### Fixing RenderFlex Overflow

**Input (Error State):**
```dart
// Throws "A RenderFlex overflowed by X pixels on the right"
Row(
  children: [
    const Icon(Icons.info),
    const Text('This is a very long text string that will definitely overflow the available screen width and cause a RenderFlex error.'),
  ],
)
```

**Output (Resolved State):**
```dart
// Wrap the Text widget in Expanded to force it to wrap within the available constraints
Row(
  children: [
    const Icon(Icons.info),
    Expanded(
      child: const Text('This is a very long text string that will definitely overflow the available screen width and cause a RenderFlex error.'),
    ),
  ],
)
```